New Delhi. Hysterectomy is a surgical procedure in which the uterus of a woman is removed with the help of surgery. This operation can be done due to many problems, which can deeply affect their body and mind. After this surgery, women can become pregnant naturally and their periods also stop. This surgery is needed due to problems like cancer in the uterus and cysts in the uterus. To learn more about this surgery, we spoke to Dr Manju Gupta, a gynaecologist at Motherhood Hospital in Noida, who gave us important information. You should also know about it.

How many types of hysterectomy are there?

There are several types of hysterectomy. Each one varies based on which part of the reproductive system is removed and the time frame involved.

1. Total hysterectomy

In this, the entire uterus, including the cervix, is removed. This is the most common.

2. Subtotal or partial hysterectomy

In this, the upper part of the uterus is removed, but the cervix is ​​left in its place.

3. Radical hysterectomy

The uterus, cervix, part of the vagina and the surrounding tissues are removed. This surgery is done for serious conditions like cancer.

4. Salpingo-oophorectomy with hysterectomy

The uterus is removed along with one or both ovaries and the fallopian tubes.

When is a hysterectomy recommended?

A hysterectomy may be recommended for several conditions, including:

Uterine fibroids: Due to the growth of cancerous cells in the uterus, there can be a problem of excessive bleeding , pain and pressure. Then the doctor recommends this surgery.

Endometriosis: This is a condition in which tissues similar to the uterus grow outside the uterus, causing pain and irregular bleeding.

Uterine prolapse: Due to weakening of the muscles of the pelvic surface, the uterus slips towards the vaginal passage, in this condition also this surgery becomes necessary. 

Chronic pelvic pain: There is severe pain in the pelvic region, which when not responded to by medication or any other treatment, then this surgery has to be done.

Cancer : In case of cancer of the uterus, cervix or ovary, the only option left is to get this surgery done.

What are the methods of surgery?

A hysterectomy procedure can be performed using several different surgical methods. The choice of each method depends on the patient's disease.

1. Abdominal hysterectomy

To remove the uterus, an incision is made in the lower abdomen and the uterus is removed through it.   

2. Vaginal hysterectomy

The uterus is removed by making an incision in the vagina. There is no external incision in this. After removing the uterus, stitches are applied inside the vagina, which dissolves in a few days. Recovery is quick in this.

3. Laparoscopic hysterectomy

This surgery is being used the most today. A small incision is made in the abdomen, and the uterus is removed with the help of a laparoscope. In this procedure, too, recovery is quick, and the pain after the operation is also less.

4. Robotic-laparoscopic hysterectomy

This is similar to laparoscopic hysterectomy but is done with the help of a robot, and the work is done with great precision.

What Kind of Changes Occur After a Hysterectomy?

After removal of uterus, many physical and emotional changes occur in women. 

1. Changes in the menstrual cycle

After hysterectomy, women's periods stop. In such a situation, women who are going through a lot of bleeding and pain during periods get a lot of relief.

2. Hormonal changes

After the uterus is removed, the body enters a state of menopause, no matter how young the patient is. Due to which symptoms like excessive heat, excessive sweating at night, vaginal dryness and mood swings can be seen. 

3. Physical changes

Some women may experience changes in sexual function, such as a decreased libido or vaginal dryness. However, some women still enjoy sex in the absence of pain or bleeding. 

4. Emotional and psychological effects

The emotional effects of a hysterectomy vary. Some women feel relieved, especially when chronic pain or bleeding eases. Many women become depressed about not being able to become a mother. 

5. Recovery and lifestyle changes

Recovery time depends on the type of hysterectomy. Abdominal hysterectomies have a longer recovery time (6-8 weeks), while vaginal hysterectomies and laparoscopic procedures have a shorter recovery time (2-4 weeks).

Hysterectomy is a major surgical procedure that has a profound impact on the body and mind of women. Being aware of its effects, indications, surgical procedures and post-operative changes helps in making the right decision. As a gynaecologist, holistic care, including pre-operative counselling and post-operative support, ensures better patient outcomes.