Why do respiratory infections increase as the weather changes? Doctors explain the causes and preventative measures.

News Topical, Digital Desk : Have you ever noticed that as the harsh winter begins to subside and the weather changes, there's a sudden surge of coughs, colds, and respiratory illnesses? Actually, this isn't a coincidence. When temperatures fluctuate, our immunity often weakens, and we tend to get sick more easily. But the real reason isn't just the cold, but the dryness of the air and the decreased moisture in our lungs.

Why does the risk of infection increase when the weather changes?

Our immunity often plummets during the winter. Cold air and dryness strip our airways of moisture. Normally, our airways contain a protective fluid that helps trap and expel viruses and bacteria, but in winter, especially with the use of heaters and blowers, this protective barrier dries out.

As a result, viruses and bacteria are not easily cleared and remain in the respiratory tract for longer periods, increasing the risk of infection. Furthermore, many respiratory viruses survive longer in the cold and spread more easily. Cold weather also causes people to spend more time together in closed rooms, which also accelerates the spread of infections.

Who should be most cautious?

This change in weather doesn't affect everyone the same way. Doctors say that certain people need to be extra cautious during this time:

• Children under 10 years of age: Because their immune system is not yet fully developed.
• Elderly people above 65 years of age: Their immunity decreases with increasing age and they may also suffer from other problems like diabetes or heart disease.
• Respiratory patients: For those who already have asthma, COPD or any chronic lung disease, even a minor infection can take a serious turn.

Early signs that you should not ignore

When the weather changes, the body gives off certain signals that can be dangerous to ignore. If you experience a persistent cough, excessive mucus production, frequent sneezing, difficulty breathing, chest tightness, or unusual fatigue, be alert. If cough and cold symptoms persist longer than expected or worsen instead of improving, you should consult a doctor immediately.

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