Nipah Virus: What are the symptoms of Nipah virus, know why fever and headache should not be taken lightly?

News Topical, Digital Desk : Health agencies in several Asian countries have been put on alert following the confirmation of Nipah virus infection cases in West Bengal, India. According to the latest reports, five cases have been confirmed so far, while around 100 people have been placed in quarantine as a precaution. All of these people had come into close contact with infected patients. Worryingly, many cases are being linked to the spread of the infection in hospitals, putting the healthcare system at risk.

Nipah virus is considered to have a very high case fatality rate, ranging from 40 to 75 percent. It is much more deadly than COVID-19. However, it is not currently considered a highly contagious infection. Unlike COVID-19, it is not an airborne virus. Nipah infection is typically spread through contact with infected fruit bats, consumption of contaminated food, or close contact with an infected person. Cases of spread have been reported, particularly through prolonged contact with infected families and in settings such as hospitals.

Why are concerns about this increasing?

The virus typically has an incubation period of 5 to 14 days, although in rare cases it can reach up to 21 days. This period is considered similar to that of COVID-19. Due to the low incidence of infection, drastic measures such as large-scale city closures have not yet been necessary. However, reports of new cases from China and neighboring countries have raised concerns among health officials, especially given the increased international travel during the New Year.

Increased surveillance at airports and borders

Travel screening and health monitoring have resumed in several Asian countries. Thailand has begun screening passengers arriving from West Bengal and surrounding areas at Suvarnabhumi, Don Muang, and Phuket International Airports. Temperature checks and health document scanning have been in place since January 25, 2026. According to Thailand's Disease Control Department, passengers are fully cooperating.

Similarly, Nepal has initiated strict screening at Tribhuvan International Airport and the land border with India. According to media reports, countries like Nepal and Taiwan have also mandated thermal screening and health checks for travelers arriving from affected areas.

What is Nipah virus?

Nipah virus is a zoonotic disease that spreads from animals to humans. It is primarily transmitted by fruit-eating bats and pigs. Infection is possible through contaminated food and, in some cases, from person to person. The WHO has listed Nipah virus as a priority disease that can cause a serious public health crisis. Initial symptoms include fever, headache, muscle pain, vomiting, and sore throat. In severe cases, patients may develop pneumonia, coma, or encephalitis, which can be fatal. Currently, there is neither a proper treatment nor a vaccine.

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